Cognitive competence required for spoken language performance and computational competence realized by spoken language engineering

نویسنده

  • Nobuaki MINEMATSU
چکیده

あらまし 波形素片やスペクトル素片をテンプレートとして保有し,音響照合・音声生成を行なう方法論から,HMM や GMMに代表される数理統計的な音響モデリング技術の台頭によって,音声認識・合成技術の性能・柔軟性は著し く向上した。しかし音声言語工学が構築して来た計算論的能力と,音声言語運用に関する人間の認知的能力には大き な差異があることは否めない。音声認識では,多様な話者性に対処するために数千・万の話者を使って音響モデルを 構築するが(かつ,適応技術を用いたモデル補正が必要となる),幼児の音声言語獲得過程を考えると,聴取する声 の多くは母親,父親,自身の声であり,非常に限られた話者性の音声である。音声合成に目を向ければ,合成器が生 成するのは学習話者の声である。しかし父親の太い声を模倣する幼児はいない。親の声の物真似を通して音声言語を 獲得した事例は存在しない。音声言語工学は音声言語に基づくマン・マシンインターフェイスの構築を目的としてい るが,上記した差異は技術的未熟さから来るのだろうか?それとも,技術を構築する研究者の人間理解の未熟さから 来るのだろうか?本稿では,音声言語の獲得に難を示す重度自閉症者や,音声言語を獲得しない霊長類などの情報処 理能力を参照しつつ,音声言語運用が要求する認知的能力と音声言語工学が構築した計算論的能力について考察する。 キーワード 音声言語運用,音声言語工学,多様性と不変性,相対音感,自閉症,霊長類,進化,構造音韻論

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تاریخ انتشار 2008